The prerequisites for Magento 2 installation include a supported operating system, specific versions of PHP, MySQL, Apache or Nginx, and other necessary software. You also need enough system memory and secure permissions set up.
Detailed Explanation
Installing Magento 2 requires meeting certain system requirements and prerequisites in order to ensure efficient and smooth functioning. These prerequisites encompass both software and hardware requirements.
Software Requirements
The following are the main software requirements:
- Operating System: Linux distributions such as CentOS, Ubuntu, Debian, or RHEL are recommended.
- Web Servers: Apache 2.4 or Nginx 1.x.
- Database: MySQL 5.6, 5.7, or MariaDB 10.0, 10.1, 10.2.
- PHP: Magento 2.4 requires PHP 7.4. It’s essential to have the required PHP extensions installed.
- Elasticsearch: Magento 2.4 and later require Elasticsearch 7.6.x as the catalog search engine.
- Others: Composer (for developers), Mail Transfer Agent (MTA) or an SMTP server, and PHP OPcache is recommended for performance reasons.
Hardware Requirements
Magento’s hardware requirements are system-dependent and vary based on the size of your store and traffic. However, the following are the minimum recommendations:
- Memory: At least 2GB of RAM. For larger stores, more memory may be required.
- Storage: The required hard disk space depends on how many products and images you plan to store. It’s recommended to have at least 20GB of free space.
- Processor: A dual-core processor.
Secure Permissions
Before you start the installation process, you should ensure secure permissions are set for the shared hosting/server. The web server user should own the Magento file system owner and needs write access to the following:
- Magento 2 codebase and extensions
- pub/static
- var
- app/etc
- pub/media
Step-by-Step Installation Guide
Once you have the prerequisites covered, you can proceed with the installation process. Magento 2 can be installed either via Composer (recommended) or you can download the Magento package from the official website.
Remember, Magento installation can be a complex process, especially for beginners. If you are unsure about any step, it’s best to consult with a developer or a Magento specialist.
Conclusion
Meeting the prerequisites for Magento 2 installation is crucial for the successful setup and smooth operation of your Magento store. These requirements ensure that your system has the necessary resources and configurations to run Magento 2 efficiently.
